Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of synapses, which are the junctions between neurons in the brain, to change their strength and efficiency. This process is essential for learning and memory formation, as it allows the brain to adapt and reorganize itself based on new experiences or information. Synaptic plasticity can be divided into two main types: long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTP strengthens synapses, while LTD weakens them. Both processes are crucial for maintaining proper brain function and adaptability.